domingo, 30 de septiembre de 2012

History of Canada Music


   The music of Canada has been strongly influenced from aboriginals, British, and French. The major influence of Canada come from United States because of proximity and contact migration from this place. Before the European came to Canada there were many aboriginal groups that have their own traditions as the music also with their own instrument.

   In the 17th century French settlers and explorers brought with them traditions about their music that was inculcated to aboriginal children what would change in the 18th century where compositions of music began in Canada's colonies and settlements but they have not composers because many of them were not able to create new music in this century, for this reason, they preferred to do other activities but related with music as choirs, church organist, teaching music or belonged to regimental bands.

   In this century, also a very important event took clear as Canada's first published music that were two operas written by New France composer, Joseph Quesnel. In the 19th century the first appearance of a piece of music was produced in a magazine called la Minerve in 1831 which will lead to the expansion of music in all Canada and then for the rest of the world.

   Serious events would be produced in this country due to the Great Migration by Irish, British and Scottish immigrants, and for this reason the expansion of the music was seen as a great event in this period. In this century also was published the song most popular in the century by Hamilton Robert, clearly as a new historical note in the evolution of music. Towards 20th century appeared the first Canadian’s composers whose works were published in local newspapers such as The Montreal Gazette and Toronto Empire. All of this accompanied for a great and important change in the culture of Canada because Robert Nathaniel was the first black Canadian composer in the century.

   In the end of 30s and due to great depression of Canada(1929-1939) the majority of people listened to it called swing(from jazz), some patriotic were produced songs during the Second World War, although this compositions reached not success as the popular music. After of the Second World War emerged Canadian bands, specifically, school bands including instrumental music, a great explosion of music for the youth. After of this there was a long period in where music stopped until technology would be introduced in the mid 1970s with the music on Fm radio stations, where the time of reproduction of their songs were more expensive than normal time before.

   Canadian music changed since 1980s being an important marketing tool for Canadian musicians the Music Videos, this revolutionized the world music because the music not only was found in cassette but also in video through television. In the same year the O Canada officially was the national anthem of this country, although the letters were composed in 1880. But a big change coming to the musical culture at the end of 20th century because Canadian singers were the greater international commercial success, clearly a great change in the way of produce music because before of that only men musicians would have created and sung composition.

   Actually, the music of Canada suffered because of the internet and the independent music, this is produced because of we know that the music today can be downloaded by internet and free, being a big problem for record companies. For this in 2010, a new copyright legislation was introduced. In all this history of the music in Canada we saw a root that is the aboriginal music, and their branches as the influence from other nations that came to Canada to make their mark, in this case the music, but also there was a whole evolution passing throught many processes like wars, movements, revolutions, etc. Influencing in what is Canada today and that is very important to reach the culture and progress of a country, their history that today feeds us with knowledge about a rich culture, now is important in the world.

Canada's Art

   The art in Canada is a representation of a mixture among three different cultures; French, British and Aboriginal. Due to colonization, first by French people and after by British people. This mixture is appreciated in architecture, painting and sculpture among others.

   The original people from Canada are the natives, who had development the painting over 5000 years, for instance the pictography, sculptures and petroglyphs. Also, the first expressions of art were created with stone like a human smiling head made with this material.

   We refer a mixture because when the French colonized Canada, they reproduced their architecture, for this reason the art in Canada had the same elements that France during a certain period of time, while they governed the country was constructed a fortified manors like Maisonneuve’s Pointe-à-Callières fort located in Montreal. Also, they built; churches, convents, cathedrals and headquarters.

   A similar situation occurred with the British; they arrived to Canada and reproduced their art. As a date, after the war they reconstructed the churches following the original plan of the French. But a contribution was the “Topographic landscape”. It is a type of painting that was inspired in the landscape of Canada, when the British watched it for first time were very fascinated. An exponent of this type of art is Thomas Davies, who painted several works of art.

   The British art was focalized in ornamental painting; on the contrary the French art was focalized in the religion, not only in painting if not in sculpture too with the introduction of altars for Churches made in wood, with the objective of adorning.

   The painting passed through many phases, however the most important were three; the Luis XV, Georgian and Victorian. All of them part of British and French art.

   Certainly, the oldest art in Canada is the Native Art with pieces over 5000 years ago. Also, this art is more complex that other pieces because is composed by carvings in stone and is divided by three phases; Prehistoric art, Post contact art, and Contemporary Native Art.

   The Prehistoric art is a period of Canada native art at least known, but the information said that the first ‘find’ was in 16th century. The recent discovery included a little carved human figure, this object was found in Glenrose and is 3000 years ago. This type of art made in stone survived easily in the climate of Canada, on the contrary the pieces made in wood could not survived by the acid soils.

   Not only there is diversity in art of this period since style, genre, and meaning. Also there are pieces from different years with influence of pottery, agriculture, etc. About the pottery, the Iroquoian culture had a technical quality for decorating these pieces.

   The Post-contact Art or historic art, it was divided by different groups according to zone, in total 7 regional subdivisions; Eastern Subarctic, Western Subartic, South Great Lakes and Upper St Lawrence Valley, Plateau, Northwest Coast and Artic.

   Contemporary Native Art is the rise of three great native arts; Inuit, West Coast Native and Woodlands.

   The Inuit art is very known for its “Printmaking” and the sculpture and its years of glory are 1960’s and 1970’s. The Woodlands is related to pottery, and elements of the Archaic and Paleo-Indian periods.

  The West Coast Native is an art marked by the style and forms. The forms are ever continuous and fluid. Some of these pieces of art are focalized mainly in religious figures like spirits but there are representations of songs and dance among others. Examples are Potlaches which are representations about pomp events; Crest, which are a heraldic art, and is related to animals; Winter Dance treat about different things that help for creating the illusion of fantasy. Shamanic Art, this is the religious art similar to Inuit culture, with the creation of element based on spirits of animals. 

   
   In conclusion, the art in Canada is the result of a mixture among these three very different cultures, with this they created a special sample of art, where we can find the great Manors from France, the decorations in Church made by the British and always elements of Native people, who expressed their beliefs through pottery, sculptures, carvings and paintings all in this just country.

About Canada

Sovereign: Queen Elizabeth II (1952)
Prime Minister: Stephen Harper (since 2006)
Population (2009 est.): 33,759,742
Birth rate: 10.2/1000
Infant mortality rate: 4.9/1000;
Life expectancy: 81.3
Capital: Ottawa, Ontario, 1,142,700 (metro. area)

   Canada is located in North America and is larger than United States and has a variety topography; lakes like Superior and Huron, mountains and cultivable areas.


   The government consist in a federation of ten provinces, and has a Prime Minister that is a representative of the Queen Elizabeth II.

   Canada was taken for France in 1534 by Jacques Cartier, but the British arrive in 1670 and founded a cities because of they had conflicts. They were by 7 years in war until England obtained the control of the country through the Treaty of Paris.

   About history, beginning of 15th century Canada was converted in a British colony, when the British arrived to America in an expedition with the French, who formed part of the culture in Canada.

   In 1867, Canada with other North American colonies formed a confederation and started the process of independence. It was become reality when in 1931 Canada obtained its freedom of the Crown but keeping an alliance with British Crown and the Commonwealth, It was confirmed with the Statute of Westminster.

   Canada was the first colony obtained its independence.

   In Canada have a mixture of the elements from different cultures; British, French and aboriginal. The last one, who lived before other culture; Canada had several groups of aboriginal with diverse beliefs. The aborigine influence could be appreciated in the names of city and the same way in “Canada” that meaning “Settlement”. And, the French influence is visible in certain terms and names.

viernes, 28 de septiembre de 2012

Y el Blog del Traductor se viste con los colores de CANADA!
Por motivo de un proyecto el Blog va a estar compartiendo informacion de Canadá, espero guste y que sirva de algo.
La información va a estar escrita en Inglés.